新经济政策:俄罗斯史学研究新视角评介

The New Economic Policy: A Review of New Perspectives In Russian Historical Research

新经济政策近年来又成为俄罗斯史学界争论的焦点。本文通过对新经济政策产生的历史背景及列宁晚期思想发展的分析得出结论：新经济政策产生于尖锐的社会、经济、政治危机之时，但它不仅是作为反危机的纲领出台的，同时也包含了列宁建设社会主义的长期的理论构想。从新经济政策在工业、农业以及财政等领域的具体实施情况可以看出，新经济政策作为历史上从行政命令式经济向市场经济过渡的第一次尝试，在其存在的全过程中自始至终贯穿着矛盾、混乱和反复，经济发展一直受到强大的行政力量的干预。尽管如此，新经济政策所开创的一系列重要的经济原则仍可为今天俄罗斯的改革提供宝贵的借鉴。

In recent years, the New Economic Policy has re -- emerged as the main issue in Russiar historical circles. This article examines the historical background of the New Economic Policy and the development of Lenin's thought during the later part of his life. The New Economic Policy emerged at a time when social, economic and political cries were very sharp. The policy was not simply a response to the crisis. It included Lenin's theoretical model on the construction of socialism. The practice of the New Economic Policy showed that the first attempt in history to transform from market economy to a command economy was rivited with conflicts, confusion and relaspses from beginning to end. Nevertheless, the cardinal economic principles initiated by the New Economic Policy can still serve as precious lessons for Russia's contemporary reforms.