关于中苏两党在“三和”路线上分歧的由来

Sanhe Luxian and CPC-CPR Conflict

“三和”路线，即和平共处、和平竞赛、和平过渡，是苏共二十大制定的苏联对外政策的总称。笔者认为，“三和”路线和战争不是不可避免论是赫鲁晓夫的现实主义和预见性的反应，是符合当时已经凸现出来的和平与发展时代主题要求的。当时苏联政府执行了“三和”路线，使其外交变得主动、灵活，这对遏制帝国主义在反共旗号下掀起的扩军备战浪潮，对促进国际紧张局势的缓和及解决遗留问题都有积极作用。中共对“三和”路线曾经有一个认同、放弃和与苏共产生严重分歧的过程。１９５７年以后，随着中苏关系的恶化，这种分歧不断加深，对国际共产主义运动产生了不良影响。

Sanhe Luxian consisted of peaceful coexistence, peaceful competition, and opeaceful transition. The term originated at the Twentieth plenary Session of Communist Party of Russia (CPR). This policy as well as the inference of avoidable war reflected Khrushchev's realism and farsightedness. Sanhe Luxian turned out to be a flexible diplomatic tool during an era of arms expansion and war mobilization brought on by imperialism and the anti -- communist banner. Sanhe Luxian played a positive role in relaxing a tense international environment and in resolving problems left over by history. There existed a process of acceptance, renouncement and divergence between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the CPR. Due to the deterioration of relations between these two countries after 1957, there was an increase in mutual divergence, which exerted an adverse influence on the development of the international communist movement.