二战后加拿大工人运动的新动向

The New Trend of the Canadian Labor Movement since WWII

本文分为四部分。第一部分介绍了战后加拿大社会阶级结构及工会结构的变化，指出农民作为社会中重要力量的地位已经被白领工人所取代，行业工会与产业工会合并，越来越多的白领工人和女工加入了工会。第二部分论述了战后工会斗争的形式与内容，指出工人以集体谈判为主、罢工为辅的形式，争取更多的报酬和福利，保障工作安全和健康，减少失业。第三部分总结了战后工人运动的几个特点：白领工人和女工会会员发挥着越来越大的作用，工人对激进的政治缺乏兴趣，在维护自己的利益中更多地依赖于政府，并试图摆脱美国工会的控制。第四部分谈了几点认识：加拿大工人运动在形式上不如战前激进，但实质上上升到一个更高的层次。

This article is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the changes in class structure and labor union organization in Canada since WWII, and shows white - collar workers replacing farmers as a major social force, amalgamation of trade unions and industrial unions, and more and more white - collar workers and women being organized. The second part deals with the form and content of the labor union's struggle which gave priority to collective bargaining instead of strikes in striving for higher wages, social secu- rity, health and safety, as well as reducing unemployment. The third part points out some characteristics of the Canadian labor movement since WWII. Namely, white -- collar workers and women unionists playing an important role in the labor union's struggle, workers showing less interest in radical politics, and further reliance on governments for the maintainance of benefits and efforts at limiting American control of labor unions. The last part allows some judgement the contemporary Canadian labor movement. The author believes that although it is not as radical as it was before WWII, the Canadian labor movement has ascended to a higher level.