葡萄球菌耐药现状和对策

The present situation with regard to drug-resistance of Staphylococcus and countenneasures

目的 了解葡萄球菌的耐药性,合理应用抗菌药物。方法 回顾性调查1990～1997年本院细菌室从血和/或骨髓标本中分离的葡萄球菌,统计其耐药率。结果 共分离出蓟萄球菌2329株,以金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)为主,表皮葡萄球菌(表葡菌)次之,二者对常用抗菌药物大多呈多重耐药。结论 头孢类、丁胺卡那霉素、第三代喳诺酮类、利福平、万古霉素等对葡萄球菌仍有较强的抗菌活性,在治疗葡萄球菌引起的败(菌)血症时,仍可选用。本资料亦表明,合理使用抗菌药物的管理势在必行。

Objective To understand drug - resistance of Staphylococcus so as to rationally administer antibiotics. Method The staphylococci isolated from the blood and marrow samples in the hospital laboratory from 1990 to 1997 and their drug-resistance rate were investigated retrospectively. Results There were 2329 strains isolated, in which Staphylococcus aureus were predominant and Staphylococcus epidermidis were secondary. Both types of cocci were multiple -antibiotic -resistant. Conclusions There remains still stronger antibacterial activity in such antibiotics as Cephalosporins, Amikacin, Quinolones (the third generation), Rifampicin, Vancomycin etc against Staphylococcus. Thus, these antibiotics can be selected for treatment of septicemia (bacteriemia) caused by Staphylococcus. The analysis also shows that it is imperative to strengthen the rational use of antibiotics.