21世纪电渣冶金的新进展

A New Advance Electroslag Metallurgy in the 21th Century

电渣技术经过 4 6年的发展 ,已形成“电渣冶金”新学科 ,包括电渣重熔 (ESR)、电渣熔铸 (ESC)、电渣转注、电渣浇注、电渣离心浇铸、电渣热封顶、电渣焊接和电渣复合等。目前世界电渣钢年生产能力 12 0万t,用于生产低合金高强度钢、轴承钢、工模具钢、不锈耐热钢和高温合金。最大电渣锭重 2 0 0t,正在设计建造 36 0t电渣重熔炉。高压电渣重熔 (PESR)和真空电渣重熔 (VacESR)使重熔金属质量达到高纯水平。电渣热封顶生产的大型电渣锭成本是普通电渣锭生产成本的 1 4 ,具有技术和经济上的潜在优势。述评了优质大型电渣锭制备 ,真空电渣重熔、高压电渣重熔 。

A new branch of learning - Electroslag Metallurgy has been established by development of electroslag technology for 46 years including electroslag remelting (ESR), electroslag casting (ESC), electroslag turning casting, Boher electroslag tapping, electroslag centrifugal casting, electroslag hot-topping, electroslag welding and electroslag cladding. At present, the annual production capacity of ESR steel in the whole world is 1 200 000 t to produce low alloy high strength steel, bearing steel, tool and die steel, stainless and heat resistant steel and superalloy. The maximum ESR ingot is 200 t and a 360 t ESR furnace is designing and building. The pressurized electroslag remelting (PESR) and vacuum ESR (VacESR) make the remelted metal get high cleanness level. The production cost of heavy ESR ingot produced by electroslag hot-topping (ESHT) is one fourth of that by ordinary ESR, so the ESHT has great potential economic and technical advantage. The advance on quality heavy ESR ingot manufacturing, vacuum ESR, pressurized ESR, ESHT, electroslag cladding and the development trend of ESR furnace type are presented in this paper.