叔本华的悲剧价值观及其现代性意义

Schopenhauers values on tragedy and its Modern Significance

叔本华把意志看作悲剧的本体。意志是非理性的、盲目的冲动,意志本体导致了人生必然的痛苦。把人类从苦海中拯救出来,叔本华指明了两条拯救途径。一条是艺术拯救途径,另一条是伦理拯救途径。艺术拯救只是暂时性的,伦理拯救才具有永久功效。悲剧兼具了这两种拯救功效。叔本华指出了悲剧拯救人生的价值和意义,但由他的意志本体论导出了他的悲剧因果悖论,同时悲剧关注的是人生的痛苦,艺术拯救萌芽出了现代审美本体观,以上这些使得叔本华的悲剧拯救具有了现代意味。

Schopenhauer regarded will as the noumenon of tragedy. Will is irrational and blind impulse. It leads to the inevitable sufferings of human life. To rescue mankind from the woeful sea, Schopenhauer pointed out two methods of salvation. One is art, temporary, and the other is ethic, eternal. Tragedy has both functions. Schopenhauer pointed out the tragedy's value of rescuing human life, but his will ontology also leads to paradox of cause and effect on his tragedy theory. Meanwhile, Schopenhauer's tragedy concerns the sufferings of human life, and his artistic salvation originates the modern aesthetic ontology, all of these add up to make Schopenhauer's tragedy theory be modernish.