儒家孝义思想对传统中国国家司法主义的影响——以“复仇”制度为论域的思考

The Impact of Confucian Thought of Filiality and Righteousness on the Traditional Chinese Doctrine of State Jurisdiction

“复仇”制度作为宗法伦理社会的伴生物,孝义是其得以产生并持续存在的精神基础。离开了“孝”,“复仇”制度便不可能产生和长期存在下去。在对“复仇”的态度上,各朝代的统治者从一定程度的肯定到逐步的限制,到最后的明令禁止“复仇”。其态度的变化反映了儒家孝义思想与传统中国国家司法主义之间矛盾的日益凸显。虽然“复仇”制度在国家司法主义的挤压下活动的空间大大的萎缩,但对“复仇”制度禁而不止的现象却与封建社会相始终。在法治现代化进程中,破除“人情大过国法”的观念,除了在理论上进行宣传“法律至上”的观念,在全社会树立法律意识以外,更为根本的是加速我国社会从传统的农业社会向以市场经济为特征的工业社会的转型。

Vengeance”as a system of justice is deeply rooted in the ethic of patriarchal society, and filiality and righteousness are the spiritual foundations that enable it to have come into being and continue to exist. Without filiality, there would have been no“vengeance”system, or its long existence. In terms of the attitudes of the rulers in different dynasties,“vengeance”was at first approved to some degree, theo gradually restricted and at last expressly forbidden. The change of attitudes of the rulers reveals the tension of the conflict between the Confucian thought of filiality and righteousness and the traditional Chinese doctrine of state jurisdiction. Though “vengeance”withers under the pressure of the doctrine of state jurisdiction, it never withers away and always exists in the feudal society.Today,in order to strengthen the legal system and to get rid of the notion of “human relationship outweighing law,”we should not only spread the idea of “supremacy of law”but also help the people to develop the sense of law. Something more important for us is to accelerate the change of our country from a traditional agricultural society to an industrial society with a market economy.