农村公共卫生服务的供给与筹资

The Supply and Capital Raising of Rural Medical Care

本文回顾了我国农村卫生服务体系的建立和发展演变过程 ,重点阐述了农村公共卫生服务的供给状况及其筹资渠道方面发生的变化。文章认为 ,我国农村卫生投入的特点主要表现在 3个方面 :投入水平大大低于城市 ,投入资金更多来自农民个人 ,以及政府投入增长缓慢且主要用于维持机构运转。农村公共卫生筹资方面的问题主要是政府投资不足 ,公共卫生服务体系被迫创收 ,地区间差异较大 ,以及结构不合理、重硬件轻软件等。文章最后提出了增加专项转移支付 ,重组现有卫生资源等政策建议。

This paper reviewed the establishment and development of rural medical care system in China, especially analyzed the situation and changes of public hygiene and its capital raising. The paper pointed out three characteristics in this area: lower input level in rural area, most input provided by farmers, and shortage of governmental input. Other problems included huge differences between different regions, unreasonable structure, ignoring software system building, and commercialization of public hygiene system. Related polices recommendations included increasing transfer payments of public finance, reorganizing current medical resources, etc.