北京市超量开采地下水引起的地面沉降研究

Study on Land Subsidence Caused by Overexploiting Groundwater in Beijing

20世纪 60年代以后 ,北京市地下水进入超采阶段 ,年均超采量达到 1× 1 0 8m3,迄今北京市平原区地下水资源累积亏损量达 5 7 0 4× 1 0 8m3,形成了面积达 1 90 0km2 的超采漏斗和东郊八里庄—大郊亭、东北郊来广营、昌平沙河—东三旗、顺义平各庄、大兴庞各庄—榆垡共 5个沉降区 ,总面积达到 1 80 0km2 。北京市地面沉降的范围、沉降幅度、沉降速率和地下水的超采有着明显的相关。地下水强超采区、地下水位降落漏斗的中心区与地面沉降区在时间和空间的分布上具有高度的一致性。因此可以说 :北京市地面沉降发生、发展的主要原因是由于超量开采地下水。

Last century 60′s hereafter, the groundwater has been overexploited in Beijing. The annual average overexploited volume is 1×10 8m 3,up to the present the groundwater resources accumulation overexploited volume amounts to 57.04×10 8m 3in Beijing plain area, forming 1900km 2 depression of groundwater level and five areas of land subsidence. The land subsidence area amounts to 1800km 2.The interaction between land subsidence and groundwater over exploitation was discussed. The scope, range and rate of land subsidence have got the direct relation with overexploitation of groundwater. The land subsidence area in time*.spacial distribution is in accordance with the depression cone of groundwater level.The main reason of land subsidence occurrence and development is overexploitation of groundwater.