文明和国家起源的思考

Thinking on the Origins of Civilization and Country

文明和国家的起源是一个极为复杂的、众说纷纭的问题。摩尔根在《古代社会》中提出的模式在解释中国考古等的新发现时颇为乏力。而对于传统考古学上认为的文明和国家的象征如世袭制、城市、文字、大型遗址、阶级和阶层等,各个国家因自然条件等的不同,其国家起源也是各有特色的,中国的国家起源应有自己的模式。

The origins of civilization and country are very complicated and opinions vary. The model suggested in 'Ancient Society' by Morgan was very powerless in explaining new discoveries of Chinese archaeology. But to symbols for civilization and country in traditional archaeology such as hereditary system, city,writing, large cite, class and stratum, the origin of every country also had its respective characteristics because of the differences of natural conditions. Therefore, the Chinese origin should have its own characteristics.