洞庭湖湿地野生植物资源种类与开发利用

Wild plants resources types and utility development research in the Dongting Lake wetland

洞庭湖湿地有野生植物 81科 2 2 9属 4 6 8种 ,其中有国家重点保护植物 3种。沉水植物群落生物量为 0 .99～2 .98t/(hm2 ·a) ,浮水植物 0 .83～ 3.0 2t/(hm2 ·a) ,挺水植物 1.0～ 8.95t/(hm2 ·a) ,草甸植物 4 .82～ 13.97t/(hm2 ·a) ;野生植物中已知具经济用途的种类有 6 6科 16 1属 2 4 9种 ,主要表现为 14种用途上。野生植物的利用特性表现为植物繁殖途径上的多样性、再生性、分布集中等。目前利用现状可分为自觉、半自觉、未自觉开发利用三种类型。目前存在着过度发展荻、芦 ,盲目在低位洲上栽杨树而影响湿地保护和利用上的局限性与片面性等问题。

81 families, 229 genus, 468 species wild plants are existed in the Dongting Lake wetland. Biology values of under-water plants community are 0.99～2.98?t?/(hm^2·a), of pelagic plants community are 0.83～3.02?t?/(hm^2·a), of erected-water plants community are 1.0～ 8.95 ?t?/(hm^2·a), of meadow plants community are 4.82～13.97?t?/(hm^2·a). 81 families, 229 genus, 468 species of plants have economic utility in all wild plants exhibiting 14 kinds of utility values. In these plants, 3 kinds are pivot protected ones in the country. Utility characteristics of wild plants is represented in the diversity, regeneration and distributing concentration of plant propagation approaches. Utility situations are divided into 3 kinds:consciousness, half-consciousness and unconsciousness . The problems of localization and unilateralism of protecting and utility of the wetland, which was impacted because of the increase in population of Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Phragmites communis without control measure and the over-planting of poplar.