甲骨文亳邑新探

A Re-examination of the City of Bo in Bone and Tortoise Shell Inscriptions

欲解决甲骨文中的亳在何地 ,关键是考实距离“亳”地仅有步行一日路程的“商”在何地。通过对征人方卜辞的考察 ,证明距离“商”地很近的“亳” ,就在殷都今安阳东边的内黄或其附近 ,而《吕氏春秋》所说的成汤灭夏前作为其根基的“薄 (亳 )”也在内黄一带 ,此即成汤灭夏之前所居之亳 ,也是甲骨文中惟一的亳。灭夏后 ,商王虽然先后在偃师和郑州修建了王都 ,并使用到仲丁之前 ,但商汤并没有把亳名带到偃师和郑州 ,在甲骨文中也无“三亳”并存的情形。

Students of the history of the Shang dynasty do not agree on the location of the city of Bo where King Tang once stayed.The key to the question is the location of Shang,one day's walk from Bo.According to the oracle inscription of Zheng Ren Fang(征人方),Bo is at or near Neihuang,a place to the east of the capital of Yin(present-day Anyang of Henan province).It coincides with the city of Han Bo recorded in Lü Shi Chun Qiu as the base of Cheng Tang before he conquered Xia.Therefore,there is reason to believe that is where Cheng Tang stayed before he conquered Xia.Only one city named Bo was recorded in the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells.The king of the Shang dynasty built up capital cities at present day Yanshi and Zhengzhou,and did not abandon them until Zhong Ding.However,Tang did not name these cities Bo.Therefore,there is only one city named Bo rather than three as is believed by later generations.