双重性——巴赫金狂欢诗学的基本哲学立场

the Basic Philosophical Stand in Bakhtin's Carnival Poetics

在狂欢诗学理念下,双重性既是同一事物相反两极属性的对照共生,又是具有不同属性事物之间的正反对照共存。它与德国古典哲学中对立统一思想的区别在于:对立统一观是一种预设的抽象的观念形态,双重性思想则是对西方实存的鲜活的文化形态的具体体验和把握。巴赫金对狂欢节的非官方色彩的甄别,对民间诙谐文化的价值判断,对狂欢节的世界感受的阐释,对广场语言的辨识,对狂欢化文艺作品诸要素的分析,无不闪耀着双重性思想的光辉。双重性在巴赫金狂欢诗学中具有哲学方法论的意义。

This article provides an analysis of the ambivalence in Bakhtin's carnival poetics. It holds that, according to carnival poetics, ambivalence is both the contrastive coexistence of polar attributes in one thing and the contrastive positive-negative coexistence in things of different attributes. Its difference from the law of unity of opposites in Classic German philosophy lies in the fact that the latter is an pre-given abstract notion, while ambivalence is the actual experience and hold of the lively cultural formation of the West. This article also points out that ambivalence can also be found in Bakhtin s judgement of the Non-official colour of the Carnival, in the judgment of the folk humor culture, in his explanation of the understanding of the Carnival world, in the recognition of the square language, and in the analysis of elements in the Carnival literary works. Ambivalence in Bakhtin's carnival poetics is of the importance of the philosophical methodology.