长江中下游稻区毒饵灭鼠后害鼠种群数量的变化

The population recovery of rodent pests after application of anticoagulant in agro-ecosystem in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze Valley

长江中下游稻作区大面积毒饵灭鼠后,褐家鼠种群密度下降很快。相对而言,小型鼠小家鼠(农舍区)与黑线姬鼠(农田区)及栖息在房屋上层的黄胸鼠,容易漏灭。在多种鼠并存而灭鼠效果较差的地区,甚至会出现灭后小型鼠捕获率上升的情况,则是先前受种间竞争抑制其活动之故,所以制定灭鼠技术方案应注意当地鼠种组成。灭鼠质量的好坏和灭鼠面积的大小,对灭鼠后的数量回升速度有较大的影响。灭鼠率越高,灭鼠覆盖面积越大,害鼠种群保持在较低水平的时间越长,害鼠种群回升的速度越慢。但无论如何,若生态环境条件不变,毒饵杀灭后害鼠种群密度总会回升,即仅单纯依靠毒饵灭鼠手段,难以持久控制鼠害。所以既要因地制宜提高化防质量以抑制害鼠数量,更应大力提倡生态防治为主的综合措施。

The data collected from 1982 to 2000 indicate that the rodent community was affect-ed remarkably after application of anticoagulant rodenticide in agro-ecosystem in the middle andlower reaches of Yangtze Valley.The common phenomenon was the population of Rattus norve-giecus decreased dramatically after poisoning;the population of Apodemus agrarius in thefields,Mus musculus and Rattus flavipectus in residential premises decreased but not so deep asR.norvegicus.The speed of population recovery of rodent pests depended on the populationsize of residual and the control area of each poisoning campaign.The rodent density would re-cover eventually no matter how efficiency of the poisoning campaign was.Thus the chemicalcontrol is only a temporal solution.To obtain a sustainable goal of rodent control,ecologicalmeasures are necessary to modify habitats of rodents.