法国中央与地方关系中的监督机制及其对我国的启示

Supervision Mechanism in the Relation of Central and Local Governments in France and the Enlightenment to China

中央对地方的监督一直是中央与地方关系中的主要问题之一。始于1982年的法国地方分权改革在扩大地方自治权限、增进地方民主的同时,也给法国中央与地方关系带来了严峻的挑战,即法国政府如何解决中央权力撤出后对地方事务缺乏监督和制约的问题。为此,法国政府改革了监督手段,完善了监督机制,通过宪法委员会的监督、立法监督、行政监督以及司法监督,有效地解决了地方分权后对地方自治团体监督缺位的问题。对照法国的经验,我国在改革中央与地方关系时应该发挥法制在对地方监督中的作用,努力实现监督法制化,建立独立和权威的监督机关,强化对地方的财政监督和加强司法监督,以维护中央的权威和国家的统一。

The supervision on the local government by central authorities has been one of the major issues about the relation between central and local governments. The de-centralism reform of France started in 1982. While expanding the local autonomy authority and promoting local democracy, the reform has brought severe challenges to the local relation to France, namely how govemment can supervise and check local affairs after the power of central government has withdrawn from the local. For this reason, The French government has reformed the means of supervision, has improved the supervision mechanism, and with the supervision of the constitution committee, legislative control, administrative supervision and judicial supervision, it has effectively solved the lack of supervision to the local autonomy groups after the de-centralism. Considering the experience of France, aiming to improve the central and local relation, our country should give a role to legalization in supervising the local government, make great efforts to realize the legalization of supervision, set up an independent and authoritative supervising organ, strengthen the financial supervision in locality and strengthen judicial supervision, in order to maintain central authority and unification of the country.