“了”的分类问题再探讨

Research on the Subcategories of“了”

从分析相关歧义结构入手 ,并结合确山方言 ,可把“了”分为三类 :了1 用在句中或句尾 ,表示动作或变化已经发生 ;了2 用于祈使句或条件从句句尾 ,表示希望或假设动作、变化发生 ;“了3”用于部分形容词谓语句的句尾 ,只表示肯定的语气 ,不表示动作或变化的发生。

“了”could be divided into three subcategories according to some ambiguity construction related with“了”and the usage of it in Queshan dialect:“了 1”used to express the realization of some acts of changes in the middle or the end of the sentences:“了 2”used in the end of imperative sentence to express imperative mood or used in the end of some subordinate clause to express the supposing of some acts or the changes;“了 3”used in the end of the sentence of adjectival predicate construction to express the confirming tone.