微生物在重油开采中的应用

Application of Microbial Strain Applied in Exploiting Heavy Crude Qil out

微生物采油技术近几十年已在世界各地投入应用 ,是一项投入少 ,产出大的采油技术。应用微生物方法开采重质原油 ,是微生物技术在采油领域的延伸 ,也是人们对重质原油开采的一种新的尝试。就其机理来说 ,主要有两个方面 ,一是微生物能够利用原油中的胶质、沥青质等重组分 ,对重油进行降解 ,使得重油粘度变小 ;或者 ,微生物能够在繁殖过程中产生表面活性物质 ,使得重油能够很好的乳化分散 ,降低原油的粘度 。

Exploiting crude oil out via microorganism is a kind of technology with low investment but large output for exploiting industry, and has been applied world-widely in oil field these dozens of years. To exploit heavy crude oil via microorganism is a kind of extension in exploiting scope via microorganism. And it is also a new important kind of attemption for people to exploit heavy crude oil. According its principle, there are two-side aspects in exploiting heavy crude oil. One is that microorganism can make the viscosity of heavy crude oil decrease by decomposing resin and ASPH(asphaltenes). The other is that microorganism can make some active substance for surface to emulsify and distract heavy crude oil during its reproduction. So the viscosity is decreased, and it is easy to exploit out too.