典型岩溶地下河流域水质变化与土地利用的关系——以贵州普定后寨地下河流域为例

Hydrochemical Variation of Typical Karst Subterranean Stream Basin and Its Relationship with Landuse Change——A Case Study of Houzhai Subterranean Stream Basin, Puding County, Guizhou Province

岩溶地下水系统作为岩溶生态系统的一项脆弱因子,对土地利用变化有着少有的敏感性。以贵州普定后寨地下河流域为例,利用20余年的水化学系列资料,分析了农业活动加强、土地利用方式及灌溉系统改变对地下水的影响。发现无论是农业(工业)活动的加强、土地利用方式的变化,还是灌溉系统的改变,都会造成流域内地下水水质空间和时间的改变。其中既有不利的一面,如乡镇的快速发展,生活和工业污水的直接排放,农药和化肥的过度使用;也有有利的一面,如地表地下水库的联合调度灌溉,植被的种植(农用地恢复为林地)。因而在土地利用规划过程中,必须考虑到地下水脆弱性因素,树立可持续发展的资源观。

As a fragile factor of karst ecosystem, karst underground water system is highly sensitive to landuse change. Taking Houzhai subterranean stream basin, Puding County, Guizhou Province as an example. The im- pacts of intensity of agriculture activities, landuse change and irrigation system change upon underground water were analyzed based on more than 20 years' hydrochemical data. The results showed that both intensification of a- griculture activities, landuse change and irrigation system change can bring spatial and temporal change of under- ground water quality. Some are beneficial, such as co-irrigation of ground and underground reservoirs, vegetation planting(from farmland to forest); others are disbeneficial, such as urbanization, direct discharge of waste, and overuse of pesticide and fertilizer. Accordingly, underground water vulnerability should be considered during the landuse planning, thus help the harmonious development between human activities and resources and environ- ment.