黑土区域土地利用变化及其生态效应分析——以海伦市为例

Study on Land Use Change and Landscape Ecological Effects in Blacksoil Region——A case study at Hailun County, Songnen Plain

以1986年和2000年1:10万陆地卫星解译数据为基础,利用地理信息系统的空间分析功能结合景观生态学理论,分析了14年来海伦市土地利用变化及其景观生态效应。研究结果表明:14年来海伦市的林地、沼泽地和牧草地分别减少了3184.88,1625.8,3994.85hm^2,而旱田、水田和城镇用地在明显地增加,分别增加了7786.39,3391.18,120.84hm^2。旱田是该区域的主要景观。景观生态效应主要表现在由于土地利用和覆被的变化产生了生境质量下降,土地退化、水土流失、气候变暖等后果。该研究对区域生态环境保护以及农业可持续发展和土地可持续利用具有十分重要的意义。

The typical natural landscapes and temporal-spatial regulation of land use change and their ecological ef- fects at Hailun County were conducted and analyzed, based on the translated data from remote sensing images in 1986 and 2000 using GIS and landscape ecological theory. The results indicated the area of arable land, paddy field and city land increased 7 786. 39, 3 391. 18 hm^2 and 120. 84 hm^2 while the area of forestry, grassland and marsh decreased 3 184. 88, 1 625. 8 hm^2 and 3 994. 85 hm^2 respectively during 14 years. Dry land is a main land- scape in this area. These changes made the environmental quality worse gradually, such as land degradation, soil erosion and water and soil losses, and temperature getting warmer. This study is very important for the local eco- logical environment protection and agricultural sustainability and land resources sustainable using.