水肥耦合对春小麦水分利用效率的影响

Water Use Efficiency of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Spring Wheat

采用312-D最优饱和设计,在辽西半干旱区开展了连续4年的春小麦田间水肥耦合试验,研究春小麦水分利用效率。结果表明:水肥单因子对水分利用效率有显著影响,影响顺序为:水>磷>氮。其中,氮、磷施用量对水分利用效率的提高是正效应,而灌水量对水分利用效率是负效应。水肥多因子对水分利用效率有交互效应,氮与磷之间、氮与水之间的交互效应极显著,对水分利用效率表现为正效应。磷与水之间表现为负效应,但不显著。水分利用效率超过10kg/(hm2·mm)的水肥优化管理方案为,施氮量102 6～239 3kg/hm2,施磷量84 3～139 0kg/hm2,灌水量41 0～170 9mm。获得最大水分利用效率的施氮量220 6kg/hm2,施磷量76 0kg/hm2,灌水量117 4mm。

With 312-D optimized saturation design, a four-year field experiment is conducted in the western Liaoning on spring wheat to study water use efficiency(WUE). The results show that irrigation quantity is the chiefly factor to affect spring wheat WUE,phosphorus quantity is the secondly factor,nitrogen quantity is the thirdly factor. Nitrogen and phosphorus are positive effects,but water is negative effect to increase WUE. The effects order of interaction between nitrogen and water,nitrogen and phosphorus are markedly positive effects,but effect between phosphorus and water is not markedly negative effects. When spring wheat WUE accesses 10 kg/(hm^2.mm),the amounts of water and fertilizer are nitrogen 102.6～239.3 kg/hm^2,phosphorus 84.3～139.0 kg/hm^2,water 41.0～170.9 mm. The amount for highest WUE is nitrogen 220.6 kg/hm^2,phosphorus 76.0 kg/hm^2,water 117.4 mm.