扎龙国家自然湿地生态环境需水量研究

Research on Eco-environmental Water Demand of Zhalong National Natural Wetlands

湿地生态环境需水是指维持湿地生态系统生态平衡和正常发展、保障湿地系统生态水文功能和相关环境功能正常发挥所需的水量,以扎龙国家自然湿地为例,选取植被需水量、土壤需水量、生物栖息地环境需水量及污染物净化需水量为主要指标,估算了扎龙湿地生态环境需水量。按照湿地管理的需要,划分扎龙湿地生态环境需水量为5个级别,其中最小生态环境需水量为24 588×108m3,中等需水量为40 879×108m3,最大需水量为71 934×108m3。

The wetland eco-environmental water demand means the water needed to maintain the ecological balance and normal development of wetland ecosystem and to guarantee its eco-hydrological function, or eco-environmental function taking effect simultaneously. Taking Zhalong natural wetlands as an example, and selecting water demand for wetland vegetation, soil, biological habitat and purifying pollutants as main indexes, the author evaluates the eco-environmental water demand of Zhalong wetlands. According to the need of wetlands' water management, the eco-environmental water demand of Zhalong wetlands is classified into 5 grades, the minimum eco-environmental water demand is 2.458 8×10~9 m^3, and the middle, maximum eco-environmental water demand is 4.087 9×10~9 m^3 and 7.193 4×10~9m^3 respectively.