自觉时代的人生悲歌——论《古诗十九首》的人文精神

The life tragedy of conscious times——On the humane spirit of Nineteen Ancient Poems

《古诗十九首》的首要意义在于它以“悲歌可以当泣、远望可以当归”的浓烈诗情和悲剧意识彰显出“人的终极有限” ,从而宣告了“人的自觉”与“文的自觉”时代的来临。①“人的自觉”的本质性内涵———“我会死”以及《十九首》的作者对它的感知 ;②《十九首》所表现的汉末知识分子种种“朝向死亡的自由”亦即对生命悲剧的超越 ,这种超越表现为一种“悲情现世主义的浪漫情怀” ;③在此间所产生的惶惑与绝望 ,彰显出对一种“伟大信仰”的渴求。

The main significance of Nineteen Ancient Poems lies in its strong poetic grace and its tragic consciousness of tragic songs may make people weep, while distant looking may be regarded as going home which implies life is limited. Thus, it announces the coming of the times of man's consciousness and article's consciousness. Based on this, the author emphasizes the following aspects. The first is the essential connotation of man's consciousness that I'll die and the perception that the author of Nineteen Ancient Poems has to the consciousness. The second is the transcendence to life tragedy expressed by the intellectuals the last period of Han Dynasty in the Nineteen Ancient Poems. This kind of transcendence is regarded as a romantic feeling of tragic realism. The third is the perplexity and desperation brought out at this period of time, reflecting the desire for a great faith.