经验·理性·信仰——罗素知识确定性思想述评

Comments on Russells Thought of Knowledge Certainty

知识的确定性问题是罗素哲学中一个重要的问题。罗素对知识确定性的考察依次经过了经验、理性和信仰三个阶段。在经验阶段,罗素认为感性认识是多样的、相对的和不可靠的;在理性阶段,罗素认为归纳推理是不合理的,理性认识也是不可靠的。感性的不可靠和理性的无能,使罗素对知识确定性问题的解答建立在直觉、先验和信仰基础上。

Knowledge certainty is a very important problem in Russell philosophy. In examining knowledge certainty, he undergoes three stages: experience, reason and belief. In the stage of experience, Russell thinks perceptual knowledge is various, relative and unreliable; in the stage of reason, he thinks that induction is unreasonable and that rational knowledge is also unreliable. The unreliability of the perceptual and the inability of the rational make Russell base the answer to the knowledge certainty problem on intuition, transcendence and belief.