马克思思想历程的最初理论环节——对施特劳斯与鲍威尔关于基督教哲学基础的批判性分析

The Primary Theoretical Stage in Marx's Ideological Process:A Critical Analysis on Strauss and Bauer's Philosophical Basis of Christianity

作为德国哲学发展的一个重要环节,围绕基督教的哲学基础所展开的施特劳斯的"实体哲学"与鲍威尔的"自我意识哲学"的论争,实质上是一场在思辨哲学基地内所发生的哲学之争,其历史重要性在于他们各自以极端的形式把黑格尔哲学的思辨性历史地呈现出来,从而不仅成为马克思哲学革命的直接前提,而且对于马克思从宗教批判向政治批判、社会批判、经济批判和哲学批判的过渡,本质地超越思辨哲学,开辟全新的哲学境域提供了重要的理论启迪。

Being an important stage of German philosophical development, the controversy on the basis of Christianity between Strauss's 'Entity Philosophy' and Bauer's 'Self-awareness philosophy' had virtually been a philosophical argument in the field of reflective philosophy. The historical significance of which lied in that they both historically represented the reflective character of Hegel's philosophy in extreme forms, thereby they had not only become the direct premise of Marx's philosophical revolution, but also provided crucial theoretical enlightenment for Marx to transit from the criticism of religion to political criticism, social criticism economic criticism and philosophical criticism, to transcend reflective philosophy essentially and break a new realm of philosophy.