摘要
“得”字的本义是“获得、得到”。它在先秦的意义和语法功能主要有 :1.作为词 ,它的意义有得到、获得。在句子中充当谓语 ,带宾语 ,词性为及物动词 ;当它表“能够、可以”义时 ,词性为助动词 ,属于一种半实半虚的词 ,在句中充当状语。 2 .作为语素 ,它表“能、能够”在语法功能上相当于一个词 ,还表“适合、适应”义。这些功能和用法都是从“得到、获得”义引申而来。 3.它还可与“微、无”组成凝固结构 ;还通“贪” ,通“德”。
The original meaning of “得”is “to obtain”. It s meaning and grammatical function in pre-Qin Period were: 1) as a transitive verb , meaning“get, obtain”, it is used as predicative and takes its object; as an auxiliary verb, meaning “can, may”, it is used as an adverb; 2) as a morpheme, meaning “can”, it stands for a word grammatically; also meaning “fit”. Thes e function and usage come from the extended meaning of“get, obtain”; 3) the wo rd can be used with such words “微,无” to make set phrases, equal to “insati able desire” or “morality”.
关键词
先秦
古汉语
词义
语法功能
薄皁btain”
Original meaning
pre-Qin Period
gr ammar function
