小相岭大熊栖息地干扰调查

A Survey of Disturbance of Giant Panda Habitat in the Xiaoxiangling Mountains of Sichuan Province

强烈的人类干扰是大熊猫濒危的主要原因。本文于2001年6～7月对四川省小相岭大熊猫栖息地内竹子开花、火灾、滑坡3种自然干扰类型和采伐、放牧、采药、公路、偷猎、割竹采笋、耕作、开矿和旅游9种人类干扰类型进行了调查。调查样方878个,干扰发生在海拔1800～4000m。结果表明:自然干扰都不严重,干扰比例最高的竹子开花,也仅占1 14%。采伐、放牧、采药和公路是主要人类干扰类型,分别占调查总样方的34 9%,26 3%,5 1%和4 2%。干扰最严重的地段是海拔3000～3499m,采伐样方的49 67%,放牧样方的47 19%,采药样方的31 11%均发生在该段,同时有48 89%的大熊猫活动痕迹样方也在该海拔。近年来,由于国家实施"天然林保护工程",采伐已不再是主要干扰,而放牧、采药和偷猎等活动在短时间内仍不会减少。

Disturbance is a universal phenomenon in giant panda habitat, extensive human disturbance is the reason of giant panda endanger. Human disturbance of the giant panda habitat was studied at Xiaoxiangling mountain, Sichuan China in 2001.12 major sources of disturbance were studied, including bamboo blooming,landslip,fire,logging,grazing,herb-collection,highway,poaching, bamboo shoot collection and harvest bamboo, cropping, mining and tour. From elevation (1 800) to (4 020) m, 878 sampling spots were recorded,the disturbance elevation in(1 800)～(4 000) m.The result indicated that a) the nature of disturbance was not serious; b) logging, grazing, herb-collection and highway were major human caused disturbance, occupied 34.9%, 26.3%, 5.1% and 4.2% of sampling spots respectively. C) 49.67% of logging spots, 47.19% of grazing, 31.11% of herb-collection were in (3 000)-(3 499) m, and 48.89% of giant panda traces were in the same elevation. The extensive human disturbances were in (3 000)-(3 499 m). d) The results of analyses of contingency tables suggested that giant panda avoid the logging and grazing habitat spots. After 'nature forest conservation program' since 1998, logging was no longer major disturbance in giant panda habitat, but grazing, herb-collection and poaching would be increased