白菜和芜菁Ogura型雄性不育系与保持系的获得及其细胞学观察

Production of the Ogura Cytoplasmic Male Sterile (CMS) Lines of Chinese Cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. communis) and Turnip (B. campestris L. ssp. rapifera) and Cytological Observation of Their Sterile Organs

通过甘蓝型油菜Ogura细胞质雄性不育材料与白菜、芜菁的种间杂交和连续回交,获得了不育性稳定的白菜、芜菁Ogura细胞质雄性不育系‘新选Ogu28-4’、‘矮脚黄Ogu33-14’和‘耐病Ogu18-4’及其相应的保持系。细胞形态学研究表明:虽然这3个不育系核背景不同,但花药败育时期基本相同,均具有单核败育型的特征;小孢子到单核期后不再向前继续发育,而是迅速退化以至解体,开花前彻底败育;不育系的花药在减数分裂早期绒毡层细胞中已出现液泡,有肥大趋势,而正常花药绒毡层的发育在减数分裂过程中达到高峰,四分体时出现退化迹象,开花前完全解体。不同的眙Ogura细胞质雄性不育系,虽然核背景不同,但花药败育的时期基本相同,说明Ogura CMS胞质互作关系稳定,受核背景影响小。

The Ogura CMS lines of Chinese cabbage-pak-choi (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee. ) and turnip [B. campestris L. ssp. rapifera (Metzg. ) Sinsk] were obtained through interspecific hybridization between Ogura CMS in B. napus and Chinese cabbage-pak-choi and turnip, and successive backcrosses with Chinese cabbage-pak-choi and turnip as male parents, namely ' Xin-xuan Ogu28-4' , ' Aijiaohuang Ogu33-14' , ' Naibing Ogu18-4'. Cytomorphological studies indicated that the inhibition of Ogura CMS B. campestris anther development may occur at the tetrad-uninucleic pollen stage. The microspores stop developing at the uninucleic stage, quickly degenerated to disappear, and abort absolutely before blossom. Tapetum of the male sterile line began vascuolation during meiosis and did not disappear even when the uninucleic microspores had degenerated while that of the male fertile line began to generate at tetrad stage and disappear after the pollens had matured. The different nuclear background of Ogura CMS lines had similar abortive character. It might indicate that the relation of nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction is steady, and the cytoplasmic effects were hardly affected by the nucleus of the sterile lines.