224例哮喘患儿发病相关因素分析及不同治疗方案疗效评价

Analysis relative factors of asthma in children and effect with different therapy

目的 探讨合肥市哮喘儿童发病的相关因素 ,发作期采用呼吸道给药和非呼吸道给药的疗效差异 ,以及慢性持续期和临床缓解期吸入皮质激素的效果。方法 回顾分析本院近四年间收治的合肥市区及郊县哮喘儿童的病史资料、慢性持续期和临床缓解期用药情况及发作情况 ;哮喘急性发作期分别给予非呼吸道给药、气雾剂吸入和雾化水溶液吸入。结果 儿童时期哮喘发作的主要诱因为呼吸道感染 (占 81 %),发病季节主要在秋冬和早春 ;有近一半 (43 %)的患儿一、二级亲属有支气管哮喘或其他过敏性疾病 ;一半 (51 %)儿童有其他过敏史 ;发作期经呼吸道给药可缩短病程 ;慢性持续期和临床缓解期吸入皮质激素可以减少哮喘发作的频率和程度 ,但大多数患儿都未能做到。结论 儿童哮喘的发生与遗传和呼吸道感染关系密切 ,发作期经呼吸道给药疗效明显 ,今后仍须加强对患儿及家属有关哮喘防治知识的宣传以落实“全球哮喘防治创议”的实施。

Objective To explore the relative factors about asthma in children,find the variation between using systemic and inhaled or nebulised drugs,analysis the effect of controller medication.Methods Collect the children's cases;find the relationship between inhaling glucocorticoid and the situation of asthma attack.Used systemic,inhaled and nebulised drugs during exacerbation.Results Respiratory infections are the main factors responsible for causing exacerbations of asthma in children.Asthma attacks are mainly in autumn,winter and early spring.Nearly half percent children's relatives have asthma or atopy.About 50 percent children are of atopiy.Inhaled or nebulised drugs could speedup relieving.Inhaled corticosteroids during persistent and reliever period could decrease the time and degree of asthma attack.Many children have not received the reliever medication.Conclusion Heredodiathesis and respiratory infections contribute mainly to development asthma in children.Inhaled or nebulised drugs during exacerbation is a good choice.To perform the plan of global initiative for asthma,education towards patients and their families should be intensify.