丹参种子形态结构与吸水萌发特性

Study on configuration fabric and germinative conditions of Salvia miltiorrhizy seeds

目的 :系统研究丹参种子的形态结构与吸水萌发特性 ,为丹参规范化栽培提供理论依据和技术参考。方法 :形态结构研究采用扫描电子显微镜观察并拍照 ;种子吸水 /脱水速率用重量法 ,种子发芽条件研究参照国家农作物种子检验规程和国际标准的有关规定进行。结果 :①通过种子形态结构观察发现 ,在丹参果实的果皮外层有 10～ 2 0 μm厚度的黏液物质覆盖 ,并形成菱形网纹结构 ,其重量占种子重量的 8%～ 10 % ;②黏液物质能够迅速吸水膨胀 ,2h吸水量可达种子原重的 10倍以上 ,而脱水速率却远低于吸水 ;③丹参种子发芽的最适温度在 2 5℃左右 ,当年的新种子发芽率可以达到 75 %以上 ,在 2 3℃ ,2 8℃变温条件下发芽势与活力指数最高。同时发现 ,预先冷冻、PEG引发和GA3 浸种等处理技术可以明显提高丹参种子的发芽率。

Objective: To provide theoretic warrant and tec hn ical reference for Salvia miltiorrhizr standardization planting, by carriin g out various systemic studies such as observation of seeds configuratio n fabric, idiosyncrasy of water absorption and groping germinating conditions. Method: In the study of configuration fabric, seeds were obse rved and taken photos by scanning electronic microscope,and heft method was use d for measuring changes of water absorption velocity and dehydration velocity. Seeds germination conditions were probed into under the national test regulation s for crop seeds and related prescription from international standards. Result: ①There was a layer of slime about 10～20 μm thickness coveri ng epicarp of Danshen seeds. The slime formed as diamond meshwork (reseau) and the weight of it was 8%～10% of total seeds weight. ②The speed of water absorp tion of seeds was extremely rapid. The weight of seeds could increase above 10 times as original while the dehydration velocity was quite low. ③The optimal temperature for the seeds germination is around 25 ℃, and the germination rate of the new seeds gained yearly was above 75%, but the rate would decrease shar ply as years went by. it was also found that the seeds germination power and ex ponent of vigor were quite high under the temperature transformation between 23 ℃,28 ℃.Such treatments as pre-cool, PEG treatment and infusing with GA 3 could increase the rate of seeds germination capacity obviously. [