两种农用高吸水树脂的制备工艺及其土壤保水效果

Syntheses of two super absorbent polymers and their effects on soil water retention

针对中国目前农用高吸水树脂的研制和应用相对落后的现状,通过自行设计的工艺流程合成了两种淀粉接枝型高吸水树脂(SA和SAM),利用正交试验设计优化了反应条件。用红外光谱和扫描电镜对接枝共聚物进行了表征,光谱分析证实了接枝共聚物的存在,扫描电镜显示了其多孔网状结构。两种接枝产物在蒸馏水及0.9%氯化钠湿基水溶液中均表现出较高的吸水能力。土壤蒸发试验结果表明,两种吸水树脂能够显著抑制土壤表面的水分蒸发,抑制蒸发作用随着树脂施用量的增加而增强,三元吸水树脂SAM优于二元SA的抑制效果。

Considering the status quo of the relatively limited researches and applications of super absorbent polymers (SAPs) in China, two SAPs(SA and SAM) were synthesized by the copolymerization of monomers onto starch through specially designed preparation technology processes. The optimum conditions for obtaining maximum water absorption were determined by orthogonal test method. SA and SAM were characterized by infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The infrared spectra indicated the chemical grafting of pAA and pAM onto starch, and SEM observation showed the porous structure and three dimensional networks of the tow polymers. Both the graft copolymers have desirable water absorption capacity in distilled water and in (0.9%) physiological saline. The experiments of soil water evaporation showed that both polymers reduced water evaporation obviously. Higher application amounts produced better effects. The effect of SAM was better than that of SA.