中国设施园艺的历史回顾与思考

Retrospection on the development history protected horticulture in China

中国是世界上最早利用保护设施进行反季节园艺作物栽培的国家。两千多年来,在经历了传统保护地栽培技术的总结推广、设施园艺生产体系的初步形成及具有中国特色的设施园艺生产体系的形成等几个阶段后,到20世纪末,中国建立起了具有本国特色的,能基本满足园艺产品周年均衡供应的设施园艺生产体系。中国设施园艺的发展,基本上走的是低投入、低能耗、高产出的技术路线。这是一条成功的技术路线,但在目前设施园艺向现代化发展的进程中,却面临着巨大的挑战。该文对中国设施园艺发展规律及其影响因素进行了回顾与反思,力求为探索一条适合中国的设施园艺现代化发展道路提供历史借鉴。

China was the first country to use protected planting technology during the winter months. For more than 2000 years, China has kept its protected horticulture system with typical Chinese characteristics that can give a balanced supply of vegetables throughout the seasons of the year. This development history can be divided into three separate stages: the generalization and popularization of the traditional protected horticultural technology, pre-founding of the protected horticultural system and the formation of the protected horticultural system with Chinese characteristics. In the development of Chinese protected horticulture, a technological way was followed which was abided by using technologies that were low in investment, energy saving and high in output. This was proved to be successful. But it faces many new and great challenges when people want to form a more modern protected horticultural system. This paper retrospects to its history and puts forward some suggestions on the development of protected horticulture in the future.