闽南、台湾浅滩渔场蟹类种类组成及分布特征

Species composition and distribution characteristics of crab on Minnan-Taiwan bank fishing grounds

本文根据 1994～ 1996年闽南、台湾浅滩渔场蟹类资源调查及相关资料 ,研究分析了该渔场蟹类的种类组成、地理和区系分布及其生物量分布的特点。初步鉴定该渔场蟹类有 5 9种 ,隶属 12科、2 7属 ,绝大部分种类为热带和亚热带暖水性种 ,属印度—西太平洋区系 ,与南海关系最为密切 ,其次是东海 ,而与黄、渤海关系较为疏远。蟹类群体分布遍及整个调查海区 ,但时空分布差异明显 ,渔获量平均密度指数以 10月为最高 ,达2 9.5kg/h ,5月最低 ,仅为 5 .5kg/h。 1～ 6月蟹类群体分布范围基本不变且范围相对较小 ,7～ 12月分布中心有逐渐向闽南、台湾浅滩渔场北部和内侧移动的趋势且范围相对较大 ,群体密集度较高。具有开发利用价值的经济种类约十余种 ,在渔业中占主导地位的为拥剑梭子蟹、红星梭子蟹和善泳等 ,年渔获量约 ( 5 .0～ 5 .5 )×10 4t。

According to the investigation of crab resources on Minnan-Taiwan bank fishing grounds during the period 1994-1996 and relative data, this paper studied and analyzed the species composition, geographical and faunal characteristics, biomass distribution of crabs. A total of 59 species were identified,belonging to 27 genera in 12 families. Most of them are tropical and subtropical warm water species, which belong to Indo-Western Pacific Ocean section, and have the closest relation with the South China Sea, followed with the East China Sea, and finally with the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The crab population distributed all around the investigation waters, but space-time distribution was obviously different. The CPUE was the highest in October with 29.5Kg/h, and the lowest in May with merely 5.5Kg/h. The distribution range of crab population was basically no change but relatively narrow from January to June, and the distribution center gradually moved to the north and inner side of Minnan-Taiwan bank fishing grounds during July to December with a relative width in range, and high in population density. There are more than 10 economic species which can be utilized, of which the dominant species are Portunus haanii, Portunus sanguinolentus and Charybdis natator, and the annual catch will be about (5.0-5.5)×10 4 tons.