大沙鼠种群生态及行为生态学研究进展

Development in the Research on the Population Ecology and Behavioral Ecology of Rhombomys opimus

综合报道了国内外对大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)种群生态的研究动态。大沙鼠是分布在荒漠、半荒漠地区的主要害鼠。该种为群栖性鼠类,依体重、体长等生长指标可分为幼龄组、亚成体组、成体Ⅰ组、成体Ⅱ组和老龄组,通常雌性多于雄性。婚配制度为一雄多雌制,4-9月为其繁殖期,5-7月为繁殖高峰期。雄性繁殖能力受社群压力的影响,种群数量也随之受到影响。丘间地是大沙鼠筑巢的主要选择地,其次为固定沙丘。其洞系结构复杂,对洞口的利用随季节不同而变化;对食物的选择也随季节而异。个体间通讯频繁,具有敏锐的警戒行为。

Rhombomys opimus,is a species of the dominant rodents in the deserts and semi deserts Rhombomys opimus inhabits generally in the gently sloped sandlands where the desert plants, such as Haloxylin ammodendron, Nitraria sibirica and Kalidium foliatum, grow luxuriantly. Its foods are the nutritional parts of these plants, so the photosynthesis of the desert plants is damaged and the desert vegetation is degenerated in the regions where Rhombomys opimus inhabit densely. In this paper, the domestic and foreign Development in the research on the population ecology and behavioral ecology of Rhombomys opimus is summarized Based on the growth indexes of Rhombomys opimus , such as their weight and length, The population can be divided into 5 age groups, i.e., the groups of juvenile, sub-adult, adult Ⅰ , adult Ⅱ and senior. Generally, the number of female is more than that of male in a group, their mating system is polygamy. The breeding period is from April to September, and the breeding fastigium is from May to July. The breeding capability of males and the population number of Rhombomys opimus are influenced by the social stress. Rhombomys opimus inhabit mainly in the sandlands between sand dunes and the fixed dunes, and the use of holes and their food selection are different from the different seasons. The communication between Rhombomys opimus is frequent, and Rhombomys opimus are very acute.