外部性、交易成本与环境管制——环境管制政策工具的演变与发展

Externality, Transaction Cost and Environmental Regulation——Evolvement and Development of Environmental Regulation Policy Instrument

文章对外部性理论的发展以及环境管制政策的演变进行了详细考察 ,认为以交易费用为基础的外部性理论是对外部性问题的一种较好的解释。可交易许可证制度在一定程度上是解决环境污染这种外部性问题的较好思路 ,但哪一种环境管制政策工具是最优的选择 ,还需要根据交易费用理论提供的分析方法和原则 ,对具体情况进行深入考察 。

This paper makes a detailed survey of the development of externality theory and evolvement of environmental regulation policy,concluding that externality theory based on transaction expenses is a relatively good explanation of externality poblems. The tradable permit system, to a certain degree, is a good way to deal with such externality problem as environment pollution. But as to the decision of which environmental regulation policy instrument is the optimum choice,we can only conclude by using correct analytical tools and principles which transaction cost theory provides,making a deep survey of concrete practice and studying the circumstances and restrictive conditions of various kinds.