土壤和沉积物中烃类污染物的主要来源与识别标志

Pollution Sources and Identification of Hydrocarbons in Soil and Sediment Using Molecular Markers

土壤、沉积物中烃类污染物的来源十分复杂,其输入方式主要包括矿物油直接输入、大气颗粒物沉降、通过水介质输入、工业固体废弃物、城市垃圾和生活废弃物排放及天然有机质生物化学降解产物等。不同来源的烃类污染物组成上存在一定的差别,可根据这些差别判识环境中烃类污染物的来源。介绍了不同污染源的烃类污染物中正构烷烃、类异戊间二烯烷烃、单甲基取代支链烷烃、烷基环己烷、甾萜烷烃及芳香烃类化合物的组成与分布特征,综合评述了不同污染源的分子标志物特征及主要识别标志。

The hydrocarbon pollutants in soils and sediments are from a wide variety of sources, including leakage and spill of crude oil and its products, deposition from air, discharge from industrial and domestic sources, dumping of solid,sedimention from water column, degradation of naturally occurring organic compounds etc. There are distinctive tracer compounds in the organic pollutants from various sources. The sources can, therefore, be identified by the molecular markers. A number of parameters commenly used for source indentification, including the distribution of the carbon number of n-alkanes, composition of stable carbon isotope of n-alkanes, iso-and anteiso-alkanes, alkyl hexamethylene, hopanes and steranes, aromatic hydrocarbon characteristics are discussed in this paper.