陕南燃煤污染区环境砷与地方性砷中毒发病关系的调查

Relation between arsenic in environment and coal burning-born endemic arsenism in the south of Shaanxi province

目的 查清陕南燃煤污染区的环境砷污染及地方性砷中毒的发病情况和危害程度,确认该区域是否为燃煤型地方性砷中毒病区。方法 对陕南5县18乡(镇)20个调查点的燃煤、室内空气、玉米、辣椒、干菜、饮水、土壤砷进行调查,同时对该区域进行流行病学对比分析,对煤砷与室内空气砷水平及其与患者检出率之间作相关分析。结果 煤砷与室内空气砷呈正相关(r=0.6607,P<0.001);煤砷与患者检出率之间呈正相关(r=0.500 2,P<0.025);煤砷与煤质关系密切,煤质愈好,含砷愈低;调查发现轻、中、重度患者(不含对照点)193人,疑似患者34人,病情以轻、中度患者为主,占检出患者总数的86.01％,并且男性多于女性,中老年人多于和重于年轻人。结论 该调查区域是燃煤型砷污染区,是继贵州省之后新发现的又一个燃煤污染型砷中毒病区。

Objective To know the instance of arsenic pollution and endemic arsenism and the degree of damage in the south of Shannxi province, to affirm whether there was coal burning-born arsenism areas. Methods Investigated the arsenic content in coal, air, corn, chilli, dry vegetable, water and soil; the contrast studies were made epidemiologically, and the correlation analyses between coal and air arsenic, between coal arsenic and prevalence rate, between air arsenic and prevalence rate were made. Results There was positive correlation midllingly between coal and air arsenic, r = 0.660 7, P < 0.001; there was positive correlation midllingly between coal arsenic and prevalence rate, r = 0.500 2, P < 0.025; the coal arsenic contents had much to do with quality of coals, the better quality of coals, the lower of coal arsenic content. One hundred and ninty-three cases of arsenic were found,86.01% of the cases was below middling degree. The seniors were more serious than the youngers; the men were more serious than women. Conclusions The arsenic pollution of burning coal is serious and burning coal arsenism exists in the south of Shaanxi prr,,-ince where is a burning coal arsenism areas found freshly after Guizhou province in China.