物种濒危状态等级评价概述

Advances in species endangerment assessment

濒危等级是确定物种优先保护顺序和制订濒危物种保育策略的重要依据 ,《生物多样性公约》、相关国际组织和一些国家都把物种濒危状态的评价作为生物多样性保护工作中的一个重要步骤。本文对IUCN和美国、加拿大等国在物种濒危状态评价中有关等级标准、评价程序、数据信息采集管理及网络应用方面的问题进行了分析。国际上物种濒危状态评价工作呈现出以下几个方面的发展趋势 :(1)物种濒危等级评价标准由定性指标向定量指标发展 ;(2 )物种濒危状况评价程序逐步规范严格 ,评价过程透明 ,公众积极参与 ;(3)数据信息的采集逐步标准化 ,储存与管理更新采用计算机及网络技术 ;(4 )物种濒危等级的公布与更新逐步以网络形式为主 ;(5 )全球对物种濒危状态评价工作日益重视 ,物种濒危等级信息在物种资源利用、保护及其他方面的应用愈加广泛。在此基础上 ,作者提出了我国在物种濒危状况评价中急需加强的 3个方面的工作 :(1)建立我国的物种濒危等级评价标准 ;(2 )建立完善的物种濒危等级评价程序并制定相关的指导性文件 ;(3)加强濒危物种评价中数据信息的规范采集。

The category of endangerment is an important reference for determining conservation priority of rare and endangered species. The assessment of endangerment status is considered to be one of the most important steps in biodiversity conservation by the Convention on Biological Diversity, related international organizations and many countries. This paper introduces the selection criteria for species endangerment assessment, assessment procedure, information collection, and the application of Internet technology in species endangerment assessment. Based on the above, the development trends in the endangerment assessment include: (1) the assessment criteria are developing from qualitative to quantitative ones; (2) the assesement procedures are becoming more and more formal and open; (3) data collection is becoming more and more standardized, and the information storage and processing further computerized; (4) species endangerment criteria are published and updated mainly through Internet, and (5) species endangerment assessment is attracting international attention, and it is widely used in the conservation and management of wildlife resources. At last, we put forward some suggestions on the species endangerment assessment in China: (1) establishing species endangerment criteria; (2) setting up assessment procedure and related regulations; (3) standardizing data collection, improving data management on the Internet and data sharing.