生物多样性评价软件Biodiversity Mapping的设计与实现

Design and implementation of BiodiversityMapping, a biodiversity assessment software

针对目前国内生物多样性相关软件缺乏的情况 ,利用可视化开发方法和地理信息系统组件包ShapeViewerObjects开发了一个综合性的生物多样性评价软件BiodiversityMapping。该软件运行于Windows98/NT操作系统下 ,是一个 32位Windows应用软件 ;可以计算 8类 37种α、β生物多样性测度并能利用地理信息系统技术将结果空间化表达。利用该软件计算了北京东灵山地区 3个研究区域 (小龙门、梨园岭和东灵山主峰 )内 11个生境中大步甲属(Carabus)昆虫的Shannon Wiener多样性指数并制图 ,然后对这 3个地区进行了右尾和排序。结果表明 ,Biodiversi tyMapping软件能够准确方便地计算多种生物多样性测度 ,是生物多样性评价的一个有力工具。

BiodiversityMapping is an integrative biodiversity assessment software. Different from other general or professional biodiversity software, this package combines the calculation of various diversity measures with geographic information system (GIS). The main techniques involved in this package are the visual programming method and component development. These two techniques are widely used in rapid application development, especially in GIS projects. Shape View Objects, a free Delphi-based GIS component package designed by Ecological Software Solutions, is the key to the combination. BiodiversityMapping was developed with visualized software development tools and can work under Windows 98/NT operating systems. It has a user-friendly interface and a size of about 6 MB. Thirty-seven measurements of α and β diversity, which can be plotted on a GIS map, are included in the package. With BiodiversityMapping, we calculated and plotted Shannon-Wiener indices of Carabus insects collected from 11 habitat types of Xiaolongmen, Liyuanling and the top of Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Right-tailed Sum Diversity Ordering on these sites was also deployed. These calculations give graphical explanations for the species diversity of Dongling Mountain in an intuitive way. The computer aided analysis on Dongling Mountain shows that BiodiversityMapping, which can calculate many diversity measures easily and accurately, is a powerful tool for biodiversity assessment.