膝骨关节炎X片生物力学及形态学测量分析

Biomechanical and morphological measurement and analysis of roentgenograph for knee osteoarthritis patients

目的 :通过对膝骨关节炎患者下肢轴线的测量 ,比较膝关节炎患者与正常人群的下肢力学角度及股骨内外髁形状的差异 ,为研究膝关节骨关节炎的病因提供线索 ,为畸形矫正角度的选择提供参考。方法 :选取 2 9例 (40膝 )骨关节炎患者 ,记录被检查者的性别、年龄、肢别、身高、体重、疼痛性质、伴随症状等 ,测量患者股骨角、胫骨角、股骨胫骨角、关节间隙角 ,以及股骨内侧髁、外侧髁高度和宽度并与 19例正常膝关节进行比较。结果 :膝骨关节炎组股骨角小于正常组 ,关节间隙角大于正常组 ;膝骨关节炎组内、外侧髁高度与宽度比值明显大于正常组 ,有显著性差异。结论 :膝骨关节炎患肢重力线向内侧髁倾斜 ,因此其发病以内侧多见 ;膝骨关节炎患者股骨内外髁发育的形态与正常人有所不同 ,在冠状面 (正位 )可以描叙为内外髁狭长 ,这一因素可能为骨关节炎发病的一个原因。

Objective: To study the etiological factors of knee osteoarthritis and to provide the anatomical basis of corrective therapy for knee joint deformity by comparing the biomechanical differences of the knee joints between the osteoarthritis patients and the normal people. Methods: The sexes, ages, heights, weights, painful characters and accompanied symptoms were recorded, and the femoral angle, tibial angle, femorotibial angle, joint space angle, and the height and width of condylus medialis and lateralis were measured for 29 selected knee osteoarthritis patients. And the biomechanical data of the patients were compared with those of the 19 normal people. Results: The femoral angle of the osteoarthritis patients was smaller and the joint space angle was greater statistically than that of the normal people, and the ratios of height and width of condylus medialis and condylus lateralis of the osteoarthritis patients were greater than those of the normal people. Conclusion: In the patients, the gravity line of the lower limb inclines to the condylus medialis, so the condylus medialis is more vulnerable. And the configuration of the condylus of the patients, which is narrower and longer, is different from that of the normal people. It may be one of the etiological factors of knee osteoarthritis.