我国竞技体育发展中“基础大则塔尖高”理论的思辩

Considerations and discussions on the theory of "high top on a large base" for the development of Chinese competitive sports

中国的竞技体育是在构筑宽大的竞技体育塔基基础上发展起来的。数十年的竞技体育实践 ,始终坚持的是“只有基础宽厚方能塔尖高耸”的思想 ,并在该思想指导下 ,逐渐形成了层级分明、目标朝向明确同时也是规模庞大的三级训练网体系。然而 ,这一诞生于计划经济体制下的竞技体育体系 ,在市场经济条件下发生着质的不可逆转的深刻变化。对这种“基础大则塔尖高”理论进行剖析则不难发现 ,无论从现代竞技体育发展规律、世界竞技体育发展趋势 ,抑或植根于该理论深处的逻辑推理、我国各地竞技体育发展实践看 ,均对该理论立论的正确性与可行性提出质疑 ,代之以的则是“小塔基、高塔尖”的追求高质量和高效益的所谓“精兵之路”理论。

The Chinese competitive sports were developed from a large base.For decades of competitive sports,we have been following a theory,which holds that 'only with a large base can the top be high'.Consequently,a system of three-grade training has formed,which has clear levels,definite goals and large scope.However,this system of competitive sports has undergone irreversible changes under the market economy.Through an analysis on this theory,we have to query the accuracy and feasibility of it whether form the angle of the laws of development of modern competitive sports,from the trend of development of world competitive sports,from logic reasoning of the theory itself or from the actual state of development of the Chinese competitive sports.Therefore,we should adopt a theory of 'high top on a small base' in order to achieve high quality and efficiency.