印榕仙人掌栽培技术研究

A Study on the Cultivation of Opuntia ficus-indica

对红果和黄果两个类型印榕仙人掌进行了节片直接扦插栽培试验,结果表明:种片培育宜采用模式Ⅰ(每床2行,行距30cm,株距30cm,7 14万株·hm-2)、Ⅱ(每床3行,扦插位置呈"X"形,外2行行距40cm,株距40cm,7 69万株·hm-2),蔬菜、养虫和饲料节片培育宜采用模式Ⅰ,果实培育则采用模式Ⅲ(株距60cm,床距100cm,1 39万株·hm-2);次顶部成熟的1片节片是扦插最好的节片;黄果类型在不同土质上的栽培效果无明显差异,红果类型在偏黏性土壤上的栽培效果比黄果类型差,但在偏砂性土壤上栽培的新长节片数量和质量分别是黄果类型的1 19倍和1 54倍,是黏性土壤上同类型的2 07倍和2 25倍。

The cultivation experiments of red-fruit and yellow-fruit types of Opuntia ficus-indica were conducted with cuttage of the joints.Model Ⅰ(2 parallel rows on one bed,row spacing 30 cm,spacing in the rows 30 cm)and model Ⅱ(3 rows on one bed shaped the letter 'X',2 outside parallel rows and row spacing 40 cm)were fited to the culture of seedling joints.Mode I was also suitable for the culture of joints used as vegetable, forage and cochineal insects'food, and model Ⅲ(1 row in one bed, spacing in the row 60 cm,and bed spacing 100 cm) for fruits culture. A mature joint only inferior to the top position of plant was the best to be used as cuttings.There was no evident differences for yellow-fruit type to be cultivated on either sandy or clay soil, but obvious for red-fruit type. In spite of its inferior to yellow-fruit type on the clay soil,the quantity and weight of new joints of red-fruit type were 1.19 and 1.54 times that of yellow-fruit type on the sandy soil, and 2.07 and 2.25 times that of on the clay soil respectively.