摘要
跨界、水资源短缺和渔场问题以近期完成的太平洋岛屿全球国际水域评估(GIWA)结果为基础进行了讨论。太平洋岛屿水域面积3000万km^2,占全球海洋面积的大约12%,在地理、人口和发展等方面具有多样性。全球性变化,尤其是海平面上升和海面温度的提高,是最主要的跨界关注的问题,因为它影响着生活的方方面面。水资源短缺和不可持续发展的海洋渔业问题也是讨论的议题,因为这些问题在可预见的将来会主宰整个地区,在此以斐济、基里巴斯、汤加的例子加以说明。社会经济因素,例如人口快速增长、城市化、传统生活方式的解体以及现金经济的发展,加剧了环境问题。本文提出了有助于解决这些问题的政策方案。
Aspects of transboundary,water shortage,and fisheries issues are discussed in the context of the recently completed Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) for the Pacific Islands.The region encompasses some 30 million km^2 and approximately 12% of the world's ocean space,and features great geographic, demographic and developmental diversity.Global change,especially sea level rise and sea surface temperature increases,is the dominant transboundary concern as it impacts all aspects of life.Water shortage and unsustainable fishing issues are selected for discussion,as they will dominate the region into the foreseeable future,and they are illustrated with examples from Fiji,Kiribati,and Tonga.The environmental impacts are exacerbated by socioeconomic issues such as high population growth rates,urban drift,the breakdown of traditional life styles and the rapid adoption of the cash economy.Policy options that may assist in addressing these issues are proposed.
