日本学习者对汉语普通话不送气/送气辅音的加工

How Japanese learners of Chinese process the aspirated and unaspirated consonants in standard Chinese

本文通过两个感知实验和两个发音实验研究了日本学习者对汉语普通话不送气／送气范畴的加工模式。实验结果表明，尽管[送气]不是日语音系中的区别性特征，但由于日语中的清塞音／塞擦音具有送气变体，因此日本学习者仍然能够较好地在感知和发音中区分普通话的不送气和送气辅音两种音位范畴，但是他们对这两种范畴的加工模式受到了母语音系中清／浊范畴的影响，特别是受到了清音的音位变体的影响，具体表现为：(1)使用辅音后接元音的f0和辅音在词里的位置作为区分不送气／送气音的条件；(2)产生的送气辅音VOT较短。本文的结果支持了SLM和“语音经验”假说，但同时也说明了语音经验在第二语言语音习得中的作用仍然受到母语音系的制约。

Two perception and two production experiments were conducted to investigate how Japanese learners process the aspirated and unaspirated consonantal categories in standard Chinese. The results show that, having the phonetic experience of aspiration in the allophones of voiceless consonants in their native language, the learners could discriminate the two phonological categories quite well, though the phonological contrast does not exist in Japanese. Yet the learners' processing pattern of the categories is influenced by the voiced/voiceless categories in Japanese, especially by the distribution of the voiceless phonemic allophones, and this leads to the following processing error patterns: 1) They use f0 of the vowel following a consonant and the position of a consonant in a word as cues to discriminate the aspirating contrasts; and 2) They produce the aspirated consonants with shorter VOT than Chinese native speakers do. The results of this study support the hypothesis of SLM and ' phonetic experience' ; however, they also suggest that the positive effect of phonetic experience on L2 acquisition be confined all the same by L1 phonology.