翻译标准制约因素分析

On Models and Theories Analyzing Translation Constraints

翻译标准是受与翻译活动相关的各种因素制约的,这些因素错综复杂,涉及许多方面,只有对其予以系统化的整理,才能便于译者和翻译批评者把握,并为进一步的研究提供理论平台。基于这一认识,本文作者从两个角度入手,对国内外翻译界近年来与翻译标准制约因素有关的各种分析作了梳理和评述:1、从理论侧重上看,对这些相关因素的分析主要集中于:语境、对等、接受、翻译目的、译入语文化以及翻译规范;2、从分析模式上看,可以分为基于文本、基于外部因素、基于过程和基于问题这四种类型。作者认为,和其他类型的分析模式相比,基于过程的综合性分析可以提供一个更为全面的分析视野。

Translation criteria are conditioned by various factors relating to translation activities. These factors are so complicated and multifaceted that only a systematized analysis of them can facilitate translators and translation critics in their work and provide further theoretical researches with a platform to start with. In this essay, the author sorts out the results of analyses of such factors in various models and theories of modern translation studies along two approaches: 1. theoretically, these analyses are mostly around such topics as context, equivalence, reception, translation skopos, the target culture and translation norms; 2. methodologically, the models involved in these analyses can be classified into four types: the text-oriented, the macro-oriented, the process-oriented and the problem-oriented. The author finds that, comparatively, a process-oriented comprehensive model may offer a broader view of translation constraints.