传统公共支出制度改革:基于X效率论的分析

Reforms in the Traditional Public Expenditure System: Analysis on the Theory of X-Efficiency

X低效率是一种与组织和动机有关的低效率,它广泛存在于传统公共支出制度中,表现为追求预算最大化所引起的浪费、人员过多和生产率过低等现象。公共支出制度中存在的X低效率主要是由于缺乏竞争和监督所致,因此必须通过引入竞争、加强对公共支出的监督来消除传统公共支出制度中的X低效率。

X-efficiency is a kind of inefficiency related to organization and motivation which widely exists in the traditional public expenditure systems. It results from the process of seeking maximizing budget and is characterized by waste, overstaffing and inefficiency. X-efficiency in public expenditure system mainly comes from lack of competition and supervision. So,introducing competition and enhancing supervision on public expenditure are the two important approaches to eliminate X-efficiency in public expenditure system.