城市再生:21世纪中国城市化趋势

Urban Regeneration: China Urbanization Trends in 21st Century

城市再生是城市化深化的必然结果。20世纪50年代以来,西方城市开发概念经历了5次变化,即城市重建、城市振兴、城市更新、城市再开发和城市再生。每一概念都包含丰富的时代内涵,并具有连续性。我国大规模的城市更新改造是从新中国成立以后开始的,特别是改革开放20多年的开发建设取得了巨大成绩。在实践上积累了宝贵的经验和深刻的教训,在理论上引借了“城市有机更新论”。21世纪我国大城市都不可避免地要踏上城市再生之路,城市再生是新世纪内涵式、质量型城市化政策的必然选择。我国城市再生在实践和理论上面临的5个方面的重要问题,即“逆工业化”和“第三产业化”、“郊区化”与“中产阶层化”、城市社区建设与就业、城市历史文化保护和利用以及城市再生的法制建设、规划和管理。

Urban regeneration is a natural outcome of urbanization. Since the beginning of 1950s in last century, urban development conception in western countries has changed 5 times so far from urban reconstruction in 1950s to urban revitalization in 1960s, urban renewal in 1970s, urban redevelopment in 1980s, urban regeneration in 1990s. Each concept represented very rich contents of that time, and was well substituted the before by the behind. A mass scale urban reconstruction in China was initiated just after the People's Republic of China was found in 1949, but the great achievement has been reached in the last 20 years when 'the reform and opening policy' was in operation successfully, which includes both the practical experiences and the theory introduced and utilized in practice such as ' urban organic regeneration theory'. It is reasonable to believe that all the large cities in the whole country will unavoidably march on the road of regeneration in 21st century, so far as the urban regeneration is an intension and quality oriented policy to take. In the regeneration process, China is going to dell with 5 respects issues such as deindustrialization and tertiarisation in the big cities industrialized cities, suburbanization and gentrification particularly in regional central cities, community construction and employment as one aspect of countermeasures for providing more jobs, urban historic and cultural heritage protection and utilization as one important sector for developing tertiary, urban regeneration legislation and planning and management which is needed to be enhanced part in urban regeneration activity.