农村人口基本健康保障指标的政策含义

Rural Basic Health Protection

基本健康保障制度主要由公共卫生、医疗救济和基本医疗保险构成。这三个重点领域的优先顺序,本质上由社会经济发展水平和地方政府的能力所决定。在地方政府的财政和行政能力都很薄弱的欠发达地区,强化公共卫生和医疗救济制度,对于减轻农民家庭尤其是贫困户的健康脆弱性,是最具可行性的选择。选择的基本健康保障水平衡量指标,都指向重点领域中最基本的公共行动。有些指标的相关数据难以收集,恰恰表明它们所衡量的制度运行不够有效,而且公开性、透明性较差。这些基本健康保障制度中的薄弱环节,包括食品安全、重大传染病免费防治、职业健康保护、健康教育和与农户医疗支出相联系的第三方付费制度。

The basie health protection system mainly consists of public health?medical relief and basie health insurance. The existing status of social and economic development in a region and the capabili ties of the local government, essentially determine the priority order of the three focus areas. For the less-developed regions where the financial and administrative capabilities of local governments are weak, it is the most feasible option to intensify public health and medical relief in order to reduce the health vulnerability of peasant families, especially poor ones. The indicators listed in the paper almost all point to the basie public action in the priority areas. At present, the related data for some indicators are hard to gather, but this exactly shows that the system that is evaluated with such indicators does not operate efficiently and it is poor in openness and transparency. These weak links in health protection field include food safety, free prevention and control of major communicable diseases, oc-cupational health protection, health education and the third party payment system associated with medical expenditures of peasant households.