代币法在儿童行为辅导中的应用

The Token Economy and The Youth's Behaviors

本文简要介绍了一种有效解决儿童问题的一种行为矫正方法———代币法。在代币制的执行过程中要注意几个问题:对儿童需要的奖励不能够完全满足;代币的价值在建立之初要稳定,获得代币的行为标准不可太严;后援强化物的范围要广,而且要明确,不能含糊;奖励必须及时;行为的难易程度必须与获得代币的数量相等。代币制的运用对儿童行为的塑造具有极其重要的意义:可以培养儿童的好的行为习惯;培养儿童的意志力;可以培养儿童热爱劳动的好习惯,最后还可以促进儿童心理的成熟。

Token Economy is an effective way which deals with the young people's problems. Several points must be paid attention to in the procedure of the token economy: The reward to the on-task behaviors should not meet the needs of the youth completely;The price of the token economy must be stable in the initiation of token economy;The behavior standard that can be given token economy can't be established too strictly;The area of the reinforcing objects must be extensive and clear rather than ambiguous;The reward must be paid on time;The number of the token economy can be set according to the degree of behavior difficulty;The use of the token economy is very important to young people's behavior establishment. The token economy can cultivate a good behavior habit of the youth, moreover it can promote the maturity of the youth's mind.