山东省莒南县的拔地斗争——抗日战争时期减租减息运动中的一个特例分析

The Pull-out-land Struggle in Junan of Shandong Province——A Case Study in the Rent-and-interest Reduction Movement during the Anti-Japanese War

莒南县是抗战初期开辟的革命老区。特殊的土地占有和租佃方式使莒南农民各个阶层在土地使用上产生了极大悬殊,富农大量租入土地,采用雇工进行农业规模经营,广大贫农耕地极其缺乏;在减租减息运动中,莒南发动了拔地斗争,将地主大佃户的土地拔出分租给贫民耕种;拔地斗争在一定程度上改善了贫民生活,但却沉重打击了初具规模的富农经营,留下了深刻的经验教训。

Junan County was an old revolutionary base which was inaugurated early in the anti-Japanese period. The particular share and rent style of land caused great disparity of land use in the different estates of the rural peasantry: The rich took vast proportions of land on lease and hired large number of farm workers to till while the poor had little land to cultivate. In the rent-and-interest reduction movement, a massive pull-out-land struggle broke out,during which the leased land of the rich from landlords was pulled out and distributed to the poor to rent. The pull-out-land struggle improved the living conditions of the poor, whereas it greatly hurt the incentives of the rich peasants, who were engaged in the efficient and large-scale management of farming.