长期施肥对土壤养分库的影响

Effects of long-term fertilization on soil nutrient pool

扼要地概述了国内外近年来关于长期施肥条件下土壤养分库的动态与平衡方面的研究成果。主要介绍并讨论了土壤氮、磷、钾养分全量及有效量的动态变化 ,土壤有机碳含量的动态变化 ;铵态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮、酸解未知态氮、非水解残渣氮及微生物体氮在土壤氮库中的动态变化 ;Ca2 P、Ca8 P、Al P、Fe P、闭蓄态磷 ,活性有机磷、中度活性有机磷、中稳性有机磷、高稳性有机磷及微生物体磷在土壤磷库中的动态变化 ;土壤碳库中松结态腐殖质、稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质以及富里酸和胡敏酸的动态变化 ;长期施肥对土壤有机无机复合状况的影响 ;农田土壤养分库的养分循环与养分平衡。还指出了当前土壤养分库研究面临的一些问题 。

This paper reviewed the research on dynamic and balance of soil nutrient pool under long-term fertilization conditions,mainly about some active aspects which included dynamic variations of total nitrogen(N),available N,total phosphorus(P),available P,total potassium(K),available K,and organic carbon in soil; dynamic variations of ammonium N,amino acid N,amino sugar N,unknown N,non hydrolyzable N and microbiomass N in soil nutrient pool; changes of Ca2-P,Ca8-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P,labile organic P,moderately labile organic P,moderately stable P,highly stable P and microbiomass P in soil; changes of loosely,stably and tightly combined humus,humic and fulvic acids in soil carbon pool; effects of long-term fertilization on organic-mineral complex status in soil; nutrients cycling and balance of agricultural soil nutrients pool. Currently the problems were pointed out,and some key points for research in future were emphasized.